Essay - Bullying Introduction Bullying in Schools is a Topic Receiving Some...

Bullying

INTRODUCTION

Bullying in schools is a topic receiving some interest from researchers in recent years. Pepler (1998) def*****es bullying as "a form of aggressive behavior with an imbalance ***** power; the dominant person(s) intentionally and repeatedly causes distress by tormenting or harassing another less dominant person." In her search of the literature, Pepler found definitions f***** both direct (open attacks on the victim--kicking, pushing, hitting, teasing, taunting, mocking, ***** threatening and intimidating) ***** indirect (social isolation, social ostracism, exclusion, and nasty gossip) bullying. Further, she defined indirect bullying as having the effect of negatively affecting ***** target victim's social status ***** changing the way o*****rs perceived responded to the individual. In indirect bullying, Pepler noted that the bully *****ten was not identified and typically was not retaliated against.

The need for more re***** on bullying was evident because of ***** frequency range reported by Pickett (2001): ***** 7% to 30% of students have been reported involved in ***** either as bully or as victim. Pickett further defined bullying as a ********** of aggression that uses repeated use of aggressive interventions, ***** that the bully gained incre*****ed power over the victim (*****, 2001). Pickett also included sexual harassment as a form of bullying.

Finally, Hirasing refined ***** definition of bullying, noting that it should be repeated and sustained and that it could involve more than one child acting as bully in a group. Finally, Hirasing ***** ***** typically the victim of the ***** cannot defend him or herself.

Bullying is an important facet of childhood peer relations beca***** the results on ***** the bullies and the victims can be signifi*****t. Hirasing's research found that depression and even suicidal ideation were common ***** of being bullied. Although aggressive ***** has been researched *****, Hirasing found that ********** outcomes ***** stronger for indirect bullying, especially on girls. Bullying was also harmful for the aggressor; physical bullying was a warning sign ***** later delinquency in Hiras*****g's research. Pickett's research showed that obese children are often targeted, suggesting that there may be other subgroups likely ***** ***** targeted also.

***** ***** correlates with such serious outcomes as depressi*****, ***** thoughts ***** future delinquency, it is ***** to learn more about the behavior pattern. In addition, Young points out that using force in *****teractions may prevent students from *****ing better, more effective and less damaging ways to work ***** conflicts with *****s (Young, 2003). Peplar (1998) suggested that bullying may be part of the larger problem ***** violence in general. These studies suggest a need ***** clarify which children are likely to participate, ***** as bully, as victim, or ***** both; under what circumstances ***** is most ***** to occur; and ***** effects bully*****g may have both on perpetrat***** and on victim.

***** STUDY

Bullying is ********** that happens in many countries, not just the United States. A study conducted by Henrike Schulz compared bullying in Great Britain and Germany. He used a cross-section*****l and cross-national comparison for his de*****. 2,377 ***** from ***** two