Essay - History Characteristics & Contributions: the Greek City-states During the Golden...

History

***** & CONTRIBUTIONS: THE GREEK CITY-STATES DURING THE GOLDEN AGE

***** Golden Age experienced by the Greek city-states marked an age of radical change during which the modern world took shape. In a world th*****t was experiencing a population explosion of unparalleled magnitude, revolution followed revolution, a p*****ttern punctuated ***** counter-revolution and conservative reaction. In thought as well as in science, this century was an era ***** grand new *****ories through which visionary thinkers attempted to unify whole bodies of knowledge into precise, well-ordered systems. The art and architecture of this time period were also confronted with ***** innovations and their individual artistic styles and works changed with the times. Philosophers, writers and the overall political state of view utilized the elements of line, *****, color and imagination to represent *****ir view of the world, the realm of imagination and feeling. This paper will discuss the characteristics and contributions of the ***** city-states ***** the Golden Age, and will touch on ***** aspects of art, *****, philosophy, literature and politics.

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The Neoclassical ***** movement was a severe, unemotional form of art that traced back to the style of ancient Greece and Rome. It was a combination ***** aesthetic attitudes and principles based on the culture, art ***** literature of ancient ***** and *****, and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proporti*****, and restrained emotion. Its rigidity ***** a re*****ction to the overbred Rococo style ***** the emotional Baroque *****. Around 1800, Romanticism emerged as a reaction to Neocl*****sicism. It really did not replace ***** ***** style so much as act as a counterbalancing influence, and many *****ists were influenced by both styles to some degree. Romanticism might best be described as a ***** against Neoclassicism, with a deeply felt style ***** is individualistic, beautiful, nd emotionally wrought. Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Dominique ********** have both been regarded as masters of Neoclassical painting in the mid-eighteenth to early n*****eteenth centuries. David specialized in history painting, while Ingres, who studied under him, specialized in portraits/orientalism. Ingres adopted flatter ***** linear forms, placing the figure in the foreground. In David's work, there are no rounded contours or seem*****gly polished surfaces. Ingres' appears to be more smooth and polished, while ***** is more severe and carries a r*****ther rough, unpolished tone. David agreed ***** the Enlightenment belief that subject matter should have a mor*****le ***** be presented so that ***** marks of heroism and civic virtue offered the eyes of its people will electrify ***** soul. Although ***** and Neoclassicism ***** philosophically opposed, they were the dominant European ********** for generations, and many artists were affected to a greater or lessor degree by *****.

Architecture

An intense, intricate study of domestic architecture in ancient Pompeii has been used ***** classical archaeologists and historians to trace ***** of ***** space and social relations in the Roman world. Many authors have argued ***** such archaeological evidence aggressively supports an alternative approach to the use of literary sources for activity ***** ***** Rom***** household which can