Essay - Independent Study Programs Objective the Objective of This Work is...

INDEPENDENT STUDY PROGRAMS

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this work is to make an extensive review of the literature in the subject area ***** Independent Study Programs being used presently in schools for students who may not fit in well with traditional school settings.

INTRODUCTION

***** Study ***** are being more frequently utilized to provide education for students ***** do ***** fit into ***** traditional ***** setting well due to physical or mental disabilities. The Independent ***** Programs offer these students the opportunity to pursue their education while simultaneously removing barriers and challenges that would make achievement much ***** complex and difficult for these students.

LITERATURE REVIEW

***** work of Lennstrom entitled: "An *****alysis of Independent Study Programs in the Junior Community Colleges" reports a study designed ***** the purpose ***** determ*****ing."..the extent ***** n*****ture of independent study programs on the two-year college campuses across ***** western half of the nation." (1973) This study also sought to make a determi***** "whether differences existed in the use ***** independent study in ********** as regards to variance in enrollment, geographical location, type of control, part-time/full-time faculty ratio and ***** age ***** the institutions. This study was conducted by use of a questionnaire survey followed by visitations to certain colleges. The sample, drawn from two-year ***** located in western continental United States, included 253 ***** ***** 25 states. There were 202 usable returns accounting for 79.8% of the sample. The study revealed that public, comprehensive, and relatively large colleges located in independent districts ***** more apt ***** have instituted independent study *****. Fewer programs were found in smaller private or public colleges in unified districts, branches ***** state community colleges ***** in south central United *****. Where there were *****dependent study programs, they tended to be library oriented, requiring minimum entry regulations, permitting li*****ral allowance of credits toward graduation, ***** generating relatively few problems. The study indicated that the majority of ***** included in the survey had independent ***** *****. Many institutions where ***** programs did not exist were planning such programs. In spite of the wide usage, relatively few students and faculty were actually involved. Independent study appe*****d to be valuable as an alternative instructional method for special purposes or situations." (Lennstrom, 1973)

The work of Kassof (2004) entitled: "Independent ***** Program Offers Model ***** State" relates the independent study program of Berkeley University, specifically, Berkeley's Independent Study ***** Home School Program. ***** ***** that "Sara McMickle, direction of Berkeley's ***** Study ***** believes ***** Berkeley's Independent Study model is "***** effective alternative for self-directed students, or for those who might otherwise slip through the cracks in a traditional school *****." (2004) Kassof fur*****r ********** that debates both for and aga*****st independent studies ***** "parallel arguments over the success or failure of homeschooling. Opponents wonder if a lack of a socialized learning setting and little contact with instruc*****rs will adequately prepare kids for the rigors and routines that lie ahead, in college and as adults. Proponents argue that the discipline required for self-directed