Essay - Journal Articles Abstract Concern Has Long Existed that Advertisements are...

Journal Articles

ABSTRACT concern has long existed that advertisements are specifically designed to lure select audiences—such as the use of Joe Camel to entice youth to smoke. The article "Racial and Gender Biases in Magaz*****e Advertising" *****s a study that looked at whether or not this problem with stereotyped advertising has grown. Are the racial and gender biases in magazine advertisements increasing, and, if so, ***** what extent? To determine the answer, authors S. Plous and Dominque Nepture of Wesleyan University conducted content analyses of ten years of fashion advertisements ge*****d toward white women, black females or white men. In total, 1000 ads were studied ***** ran in 1985 to 1994 publications. The researchers found a) except for bl*****ck females in ***** *****'s *****s, African Americans were underrepresented in white magazines; b) female body exposure was greater than male body exposure, ***** white female ***** exposure rose significantly during the ***** years; c) white women were shown in low-status positions nearly twice as often as were o*****r models; and d) black women wore the majority of animal prints, most ***** which were patterned after a preda*****ry animal.

THOUGHTS ON ARTICLE

Such results as *****se by Plouse unfortunately substantiate the saying, "the more things change, the ***** they are the same," or even become worse. Despite the fact that the 1990s were supposed to promote women's equality among men, these ***** show differently.

As the authors note, over 184 billion classified and 12 billion display ads bombard people of all ages and backgrounds in ***** United States every day. This is addition to billion advertisements in magazines and other periodicals, 2.6 billion commercials on the radio and an***** 330 ***** on television.

***** ***** act as a window, ********** societal values. At ***** same time, they promote these values to the most vulnerable audience—***** American youth. U.S. teenagers view about 350,000 TV commercials by the age ***** 18.

***** it is impossible to measure the exact impact these ads have on changing children and youth, several studies on gender stereotyping conclude that such ***** significantly effect how people perceive and relate ***** one another. Is it any surpr*****e that many men still demean wo*****, considering all the biased ads they see on a regular basis? The study by Rudman and Borgida comp*****d members of a control group with male inter*****ers who had watched sexist television *****. Those *****ing the TV ads judged a ***** job applicant less competent, remembered less biographical information about her, and ***** more about her physical appearance.

According ***** a content analysis d***** by Courtney an***** Lockeretz in 1971, magazine advertisements reflected four ***** about women: 1) "A woman's place is in the home," 2)"Women do not make important dec*****ions or do ***** things,"

*****) "Women are dependent and need men's protection," ***** 4) "Men regard women primarily as sex objects; *****y are not interested in ***** ***** people. Such findings ***** not too unusual for the *****970s, since this was only ***** beginning of the wo*****