Essay - Literature Review in the Article, Metacognition and Effective Study Strategies...

LITERATURE REVIEW

In the article, Metacognition and Effective Study Strategies Among African-American College and University Students, Bernadette Nwafor discusses ***** fact that many ***** students have trouble with basic concentration and retention skills and how the implementation of various study techniques could enhance student concentration. Nwarfor purports ***** those students that try to underst***** what *****y are reading through "meaningfulness, collaboration and establishment of relationships between new ideas ***** old experiences" are more likely to do better on tests than those who learn by merely reading through text or memorization It is her perception that African-American students learn better when they can relate to the material in question. In this article she studies the three kinds of memory (sensory, short term and long term *****) as she shows that if a person *****sociates something familiar ***** new ***** *****y are able ***** retain it better in their long-term memory. She cites for her example a ***** by Ormond that uses meta-cognition to retain in*****mation. Meta-cognition, which is "students' knowledge and beliefs regarding their own cognitive processes ***** ***** attempts to regulate their cognitive ***** ***** maximize *****ing and memory." Nwafor also cites the work by Eggen ***** Kauchak which basically explores two types of metacognition which are meta-attention and meta-memory. These two types basically explore attention and also a person's ability to use certain tools to enhance memory. Nwarfor believes that it is not what we study that will enable us ***** learn. ***** shows that ***** is how ***** study which will prove effectiveness in learning. It is the tools ***** you learn to use to study that will help you to retain information better. She ***** ***** *****e taking as an example ***** an effective ***** tool. In her opinion, ***** teachers would encourage note taking, students would be more apt to take effective notes ********** *****reby ***** be able to ***** ***** information. This note taking would foster organization ***** would ***** students to ***** relate the new information to old *****. Teachers can also *****sist these ***** by encouraging more thought provoking discussion and ***** monitoring student's progress more carefully.

***** the article, American Students' Polyrhythmic Realities in Adult Based Education, Vanessa Sheared reinforces the above theories by drawing a comp*****rison to the film, Field of Dreams. She theorizes that the Adult African ***** learning environment has ***** be more welcoming to ***** particular group of students. It is her belief ***** if the ***** were one by which students ***** feel comfort***** and could relate ***** their ***** experiences ***** belief system they would feel more ********** to learn. She ***** stresses the importance of African American role models in the classroom. African ***** students are more apt to learn from a strong African American presence in the classroom that shares their belief system, experience and his*****ry. She cites lack ***** funding for these ***** programs and also a l*****ck of participation by adult learners as co-contributors. She shows that due to many social and