Essay - Physiology - Effects of Moderate Exercise on Metabolic Responses and...

Physiology - Effects of Moderate Exercise on Metabolic Responses and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

Summary ***** Critique: "Effects ***** Moderate Exercise on Metabolic Responses and Respiratory ***** Ratios (*****)."

***** One: Summary

The purpose of this study (Kaoru et al. 109) was to determine if a signific*****nt relationship exists between metabolic responses, in this case respiratory exchange ratios (RER), and exercise duration. The aim is to discover the level of exercise required in order ***** combat insulin resistance, which can be a significant problem for individu*****s who require such treatment. Insulin ***** must be counteracted by increasing the utilization of fatty acids in the blood stream as well as in adipose tissue (109). While the authors admitted that endurance-level exercise has been positively correlated with increased utilization rates, there has ***** less evidence to support the notion that variable amounts of exercise could have a similar effect.

***** hypothesis of the study is ***** fatty ***** are available for energy even following short-term ***** (109). In other words, the authors designed this ***** to test the notion that fatty acid utilization could be ***** even ***** lower levels of physical exertion and exercise. If this proved to be the case, then it would open up an incredible wealth of exercise methods ***** regiments for counteracting insulin resist*****ce.

***** subject in the study included nine individuals who were untrained, and yet still healthy. Of the *****, two were women and ***** remaining seven were men. The mean age was 23 and the mean BMI score was 20.6 (110). Participants were directed to come to the study after an overnight fast. After some initial blood work ***** measure*****ts were taken, the participants each took part in thirty minutes of moderate exercise to achieve a he*****rt rate of roughly 120 *****ats per minute. ***** the exercise trial, fur*****r measurements were taken and subsequent blood work also ***** (110).

The results of the study were relatively straight*****ward. The ***** RER was 0.89, with a mean heart rate ***** 115 beats per *****. The blood tests revealed *****, on average, plasma glucose (PG) and plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) decreased ***** the test. Simultaneously, plasma free fatty ***** (FFA) levels actually increased (112). In this *****, then, moderate exercise for thirty minutes actually increased fatty acid utilization. This means that some benefit can be discerned toward fighting ***** resistance with only light to ***** exercise at shortened intervals. The ***** of the study did concede ***** the dominant metabolic substr*****e was still carbohyd*****, but that the low-level exercise regimen none********** had a positive effect on fatty acid utilization (113).

The implications and conclusion of these results are evident, as the authors concluded. Insulin resistance can be lowered even when the subject only utilizes a short-term, repetitive, regular, ***** low intensity ***** regimen (113). The potential applications ***** patients ***** have difficulty managing their insulin levels are obvious should the results of this study stand up to verification.

Part Two: Critique

This critique consists of a reasoned