Essay - Psychology - Child This Article is a Review of Six...

Psychology - Child

***** article is a review of six studies that analyzed the differential effects of 'pra*****e of intelligence' and 'praise of effort' on children and how it affects *****m. The authors proposed ***** praising intelligence as against efforts had detrimental effects on children and led to lesser resilience in the face of setbacks. The authors validated their hypothesis by including ***** studies that analyzed the effect of "praise for intelligence" ***** "praise for effort" on a v*****riety of aspects both in terms of failure as well as success. Effort, as opposed to ability, is a much more flexible concept, so a poor performance ***** more likely ***** be interpreted as due to lack of effort than due to lack of *****. The authors arrive at the conclusion that praise for ef*****ts results in better motivation and ***** h*****ling of *****s. ***** ***** al***** clearly conclude that ***** responses to failure are related to how children interpret their performance. Children who are praised for their intelligence or f***** ***** effort interpret the experience of ***** differently. Post failure striving is high when efforts are praised indicating positive adaptive behaviors. The differing attributions to success also contribute ***** a distinct difference in ***** of the goals that children strive for (performance or learn*****g)

***** three, for example, concluded that praising children for their intelligence after success in a t*****k could do more h*****rm than good by conditioning them into a per*****mance oriented mindset than a learning focused one. This can ***** make ***** more vulnerable in the face of defeats mak*****g them less resilient and under-perform or even totally avoid challenges that ***** be risky. That is to say that children who are ***** for their intelligence in an effort to maintain their image tend to shy away from tasks that appear hard. Study four focused on children's information seeking *****havior and ***** praising different aspects of performance affects it. The fact that 76% of children who were praised for their intelligence chose ***** focus on information pertaining to ***** of others rather than focusing on actual problem solving strategies indicates the development of a performance ***** mindset where performance rather than gaining knowledge was the most desired outcome. Study five eliminated ***** possibil*****y that the experimenter's influence by way ***** his expectati*****s (from past performances) on the students had any role in ***** responses to their failures. The sixth study concluded that praise for ability in one successful task continued ***** influence ********** responses to ***** in subsequent un***** *****.

***** implications of t***** research are immense. Generally, it is assumed that ***** children for their abil*****y was thought to give ***** increased motivation ***** success in future tasks. On the contrary, this research strongly suggests that children praised for *****ir *****telligence tend to identify their intelligence with their performance and hence a f*****ilure implied lack of ability and a negative self-*****. Children who ***** praised for their ********** showed ***** persistence, enjoyment and good per*****mance when *****d with