Essay - A. Sketch Out the Procedure Used by Helmholtz in Measuring...

a. Sketch out the procedure used by Helmholtz in measuring ***** speed of neural conduction in the motor nerve of a frog's leg.

***** stimulated a frog's nerve externally, first near the frog's actual leg muscle and ********** farther away on the organism. He noted that when the stimulus applied to the frog's body was farther from the frog's leg muscle, the frog's ***** contracted slightly, but in a perceptibly slower fashion. *****lmholtz determ*****ed ***** the impulse velocity within the nervous system of the frog was approximately one-tenth the ***** of sound.

b. What is significant about this experiment in the history of psychology development as a scientific discipline? In what way does the procedure demonstrate a departure from the view of Helmholtz's mentor Johannes Muller?

Before, Helmholtz's experiment with the frog, scientists *****sumed that such a measurement could never be obtained because the speed was far too great for the then-existing instruments to catch. Some physicians even ***** this as proof that living organisms were po*****d by an innate vital ********** rather than physically and mathematically quantifiable energy. Helmholtz disproved this theory of 'vital force.' ***** tied the movements ***** the body ***** ***** activity, rather than to any attribution to unseeable forces within or without the ***** body.

***** ***** ***** one of the ***** individuals ***** also study sense perceptions, Dr. Johannes *****, was not an advocate of such quasi-mystical theory for human movement ***** as the 'vital ***** *****ory. However, Helmholtz's experiment with the ***** did demonstrate a distinct ***** and development upon his mentor's views. Johannes Muller's *****s yielded the theory although the *****s of each ***** are capable of responding to a number of different types of stimuli, *****y are most sensitive to a particular kind of stimulus, and however they are stimulated, their stimulation results in a specific sensation. For example, if one were to press on ***** closed eye, an individual would get sensations of seeing that individual would not if, for inst*****ce, the *****'s nose were similarly pressed. Muller stressed ***** difference of the nature ***** the site of ***** subject stimulated, not the ***** ***** the *****. His protegee's experiment demonstrated that it was not only the kind of part of the ***** stimuli was applied to, but where and how, ***** determined different kinds ***** levels of reaction time.

c. ***** out Donder's three procedure ***** measuring choice reaction time. (***** Subtraction Method)

Donder's Subtraction ***** was developed as a result ***** ********** to determine the different mental processes that the brain goes through when faced with different t*****ks. The ********** Donder utilized to construct his method were as follows. ***** ***** first of his experiments, Donder utilized a simple reaction time t*****k, for example, having his subject press a *****ton every time a light bulb went on. In the second, he utilized a discrimination ***** ***** task, for ***** having his subject ***** ***** a button when one out of a collection of ***** bulbs ***** on and